Mother's Day
Mother's Day is a celebration honoring the mother
of the family, as well as motherhood, maternal bonds, and the influence
of mothers in society. It is celebrated on various days in many parts
of the world, most commonly in the months of March or May. It
complements similar celebrations honoring family members, such as Father's Day, Siblings Day, and Grandparents Day.
In the United States, celebration of Mother's Day began in the early
20th century. It is not related to the many celebrations of mothers and
motherhood that have occurred throughout the world over thousands of
years, such as the Greek cult to Cybele, the Roman festival of Hilaria, or the Christian Mothering Sunday celebration (originally a commemoration of Mother Church, not motherhood).[1][2][3][4] However, in some countries, Mother's Day has become synonymous with these older traditions.[5]
Establishment of holiday
The modern holiday of Mother's Day was first celebrated in 1908, when Anna Jarvis held a memorial for her mother at St Andrew's Methodist Church in Grafton, West Virginia. St Andrew's Methodist Church now holds the International Mother's Day Shrine.[6]
Her campaign to make "Mother's Day" a recognized holiday in the United
States began in 1905, the year her mother, Ann Reeves Jarvis, died. Ann
Jarvis had been a peace activist who cared for wounded soldiers on both
sides of the American Civil War,
and created Mother's Day Work Clubs to address public health issues.
Anna Jarvis wanted to honor her mother by continuing the work she
started and to set aside a day to honor all mothers because she believed
that they were "the person who has done more for you than anyone in the
world".[7]
In 1908, the US Congress
rejected a proposal to make Mother's Day an official holiday, joking
that they would also have to proclaim a "Mother-in-law's Day". However,
owing to the efforts of Anna Jarvis, by 1911 all US states observed[clarification needed] the holiday, with some of them officially recognizing Mother's Day as a local holiday,[8]
the first being West Virginia, Jarvis' home state, in 1910. In 1914,
Woodrow Wilson signed a proclamation designating Mother's Day, held on
the second Sunday in May, as a national holiday to honor mothers.[9]
Although Jarvis was successful in founding Mother's Day, she became resentful of the commercialization of the holiday. By the early 1920s, Hallmark Cards
and other companies had started selling Mother's Day cards. Jarvis
believed that the companies had misinterpreted and exploited the idea of
Mother's Day, and that the emphasis of the holiday was on sentiment,
not profit. As a result, she organized boycotts of Mother's Day, and
threatened to issue lawsuits against the companies involved.[10]
Jarvis argued that people should appreciate and honor their mothers
through handwritten letters expressing their love and gratitude, instead
of buying gifts and pre-made cards.[9] Jarvis protested at a candy makers' convention in Philadelphia in 1923, and at a meeting of American War Mothers in 1925. By this time, carnations
had become associated with Mother's Day, and the selling of carnations
by the American War Mothers to raise money angered Jarvis, who was
arrested for disturbing the peace.[9][10]
Spelling
In
1912 Anna Jarvis trademarked the phrases "Second Sunday in May" and
"Mother's Day", and created the Mother's Day International Association.[11]
She specifically noted that "Mother's" should "be a singular
possessive, for each family to honor its own mother, not a plural
possessive commemorating all mothers in the world."[12] This is also the spelling used by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in his 1914 presidential proclamation, by the U.S. Congress in relevant bills,[13][14] and by various U.S. presidents in their proclamations concerning Mother's Day.[15]
Dates around the world
While
the United States holiday was adopted by some other countries, existing
celebrations, held on different dates, honouring motherhood have become
described as "Mother's Day", such as Mothering Sunday in the United Kingdom[5] or, in Greece, the Eastern Orthodox celebration of the presentation of Jesus Christ to the temple (2 February of Julian Calendar). Both the secular and religious Mother Day are present in Greece.[citation needed] Mothering Sunday is often referred to as "Mother's Day" even though it is an unrelated celebration.[5]
In some countries, the date adopted is one significant to the majority religion, such as Virgin Mary
Day in Catholic countries. Other countries selected a date with
historical significance. For example, Bolivia's Mother's Day is the date
of a battle in which women participated.[16] See the "International history and tradition" section for the complete list.
Ex-communist countries usually celebrated International Women's Day instead of Mother's Day.[17][not in citation given] Some ex-communist countries, such as Russia, still follow this custom[18]
or simply celebrate both holidays, which is the custom in Ukraine.
Kyrgyzstan has recently introduced Mother's Day, but "year on year
[International Women's Day] is certainly increasing in status".[19]
This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
Gregorian calendar | |||||||
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Occurrence | Dates | Country | |||||
Second Sunday of February |
Feb 14, 2016 Feb 12, 2017 Feb 11, 2018 |
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3 March |
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8 March (with International Women's Day) |
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Fourth Sunday in Lent (Mothering Sunday) |
6 Mar 2016 26 Mar 2017 11 Mar 2018 |
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21 March (Spring equinox) |
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25 March |
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7 April (Annunciation day) |
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First Sunday of May |
May 1, 2016 May 7, 2017 May 6, 2018 |
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8 May |
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10 May |
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Second Sunday of May |
May 8, 2016 May 14, 2017 May 13, 2018 |
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15 May |
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19 May |
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26 May |
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27 May |
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Last Sunday of May (sometimes First Sunday of June if the last Sunday of May is Pentecost) |
May 29, 2016 May 28, 2017 May 27, 2018 |
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30 May |
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1 June |
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Second Sunday of June |
Jun 12, 2016 Jun 11, 2017 Jun 10, 2018 |
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First Monday of July |
Jul 4, 2016 Jul 3, 2017 Jul 2, 2018 |
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12 August |
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15 August (Assumption of Mary) |
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Second Monday of October |
Oct 10, 2016 Oct 9, 2017 Oct 8, 2018 |
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14 October |
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Third Sunday of October |
Oct 16, 2016 Oct 15, 2017 Oct 21, 2018 |
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3 November |
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16 November |
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Last Sunday of November |
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8 December (Feast of the Immaculate Conception) |
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22 December |
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Hebrew calendars | |||||||
Occurrence | Equivalent Gregorian dates | Country | |||||
Shevat 30 |
Between 30 January and 1 March- Family Day |
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22 May | Mother's Day – new | ![]() |
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Hindu calendars | |||||||
Occurrence | Equivalent Gregorian dates | Country | |||||
Baisakh[41] Amavasya (Mata Tirtha Aunsi[42]) |
Between 19 April and 19 May 6 May 2016 [41] 26 April 2017 |
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Islamic calendars | |||||||
Occurrence | Equivalent Gregorian dates | Country | |||||
20 Jumada al-Thani[n 1] |
20 April 2014 10 April 2015 30 March 2016 |
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Celebration
Mother's Day is celebrated in more than 46 countries throughout the world.
On this day, many people pray in churches in honor of mothers, while
some gift them presents on this day to express their love. Some may have
dinner at home with the family.
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